Medicine MCQ Daily

Nephrology MCQs for NEET PG & FMGE | MedMCQ Daily Nephrology MCQs for NEET PG & FMGE | MedMCQ Daily MCQ 1: Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis A 28-year-old man presents with sudden onset edema, hematuria, and hypertension 2 weeks after a sore throat. Urine shows RBC casts, proteinuria 2 g/day. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Chronic kidney disease C. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) D. Minimal change disease Answer: C. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) Explanation (Point-wise): 1. Onset: Symptoms start 1–2 weeks after streptococcal infection (throat or skin). 2. Clinical Features: Sudden edema (periorbital), hematuria (tea-colored urine), and hypertension. 3. Urine Findings: RBC casts confirm glomerular hematuria; proteinuria is usually mild ( 4. Diagnosis: Classic post-infectious glomerul...

  Nephrology MCQ  Question: A 28-year-old man presents with **sudden onset edema, hematuria, and hypertension** 2 weeks after a **sore throat**. Urine shows **RBC casts**, proteinuria 2 g/day. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Chronic kidney disease C. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) D. Minimal change disease Answer: C. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) Explanation (Point-wise): 1. Onset: Symptoms started 1–2 weeks after a **streptococcal infection** (throat/skin). 2. Clinical Features: Sudden edema (periorbital), hematuria (tea-colored urine), and hypertension. 3. Urine Findings: Presence of **RBC casts** confirms **glomerular origin of hematuria**. Proteinuria is usually mild ( 4. Diagnosis: This is classic **post-infectious glomerulonephritis**, a **nephritic syndrome**. ...

  Nephrology MCQ  Question: A 60-year-old man with **diabetes mellitus** presents with **progressive edema and frothy urine**. Urine protein: 4.2 g/day. Serum creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Minimal change disease B. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis C. Diabetic nephropathy D. Membranous nephropathy Answer: C. Diabetic nephropathy Explanation: - Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of **nephrotic-range proteinuria in adults**. - Clinical features: progressive **proteinuria**, mild **edema**, slowly rising **creatinine**. - Lab hallmark: **proteinuria >3.5 g/day**, often accompanied by **microalbuminuria in early stages**. - Other causes like minimal change disease and FSGS are possible but less likely in older diabetic patients. - Management includes **tight glycemic control, ACE inhibitors/ARBs**, blood pressure control, and monitoring renal f...

Nephrology MCQ  Question: A 50-year-old woman presents with **tea-colored urine, hypertension, and mild edema**. Urine microscopy shows **RBC casts**. Labs: mild proteinuria ( A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) C. Acute tubular necrosis D. Chronic kidney disease Answer: B. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) Explanation: Nephritic syndrome presents with hematuria (tea-colored urine), RBC casts, hypertension, and mild proteinuria . This is typically caused by **post-infectious glomerulonephritis**, often after a **streptococcal throat or skin infection**. Key differences from nephrotic syndrome include: Proteinuria is 3.5 g/day in nephrotic syndrome) Presence of RBC casts and hematuria (not seen in nephrotic syndrome) Edema is usually mild and periorbital Management: Supportive care, manage hypertension,...

  Nephrology MCQ Question: A 35-year-old man presents with edema, frothy urine, and fatigue. Laboratory investigations show proteinuria >3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute glomerulonephritis B. Chronic kidney disease C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Acute tubular necrosis Answer: C. Nephrotic syndrome Explanation :  Nephrotic syndrome is defined by proteinuria >3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema , and often hyperlipidemia. Clinical features include generalized edema (periorbital first), frothy urine, and fatigue. Common causes: minimal change disease (children), FSGS, membranous nephropathy (adults). Nephritic syndrome shows hematuria, hypertension, and mild proteinuria. Management includes treating underlying cause, salt restriction, diuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, and immunosuppressive therapy for selected causes. Key Laboratory Findings: Parameter...